First came off-shoring. Then near-shoring, and finally on-shoring. But the design of the supply chain of products to the U.S. has a new name: there-shoring or friendly-shoring. This is not a whim of communicators. The new term has been adopted in the report commissioned by President Biden to build a resilient supply chain and counter U.S. dependence on China (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/100-day-supply-chain-review-report.pdf). The report recommends strengthening supply chains for products that cannot be produced domestically from producing countries that share the U.S. vision and interests. One of the important sectors is metals and minerals, which the U.S. will increasingly need to import to sustain its ambitious plan to rebuild infrastructure and develop a green energy-based economy. According to data from the World Bank's World Integrated Trade Solution, the U.S. imported US$8.852 billion in metals and minerals from 124 countries in 2019. 70% of these imports came from 10 countries, including Brazil, Peru and Chile.

Source: World Integrated Trade Solution